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The Nair Service Society (NSS) is an organization created for the social advancement and welfare of the Nair community that is found primarily in south India. It was established under the leadership of Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai. The NSS is a three-tier organisation with Karayogams at the base level, Taluk Unions at the intermediate level and a central headquarters operating from Perunna in Kerala, India. The Society owns and manages a large number of educational institutions and hospitals. ==Origins== The Nair Service Society was formed on 31 October 1914〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Founder )〕 as a reaction to perceived communal slights in the princely state of Travancore in south India, which now forms a part of the state of Kerala. The Nairs were the most economically and socially dominant community, as well as the most numerous, in what was traditionally a staunchly Hindu theocracy that rigorously and officially enforced distinctions between castes.〔 〕 The Nairs believed Travancore to be a Hindu state〔 and the founders of the NSS believed that their own community could only counter the changing socio-political situation if it presented a united front and did away with its internal social subdivisions.〔 〕 The first caste association of this type to have been formed in the region was the Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana (SNDP), established in 1903 to work for the benefit of the Ezhava caste. Frederick Bailey has said that associations such as the NSS and SNDP had three primary functions:〔 〕 *to "reform caste behaviour and bring it into line with high-caste standards", which became necessary as a consequence of some caste members obtaining employment in the professions and in government posts and thus coming into contact with high-caste colleagues who treated them as inferior. The associations aimed to blur the distinction between their members and higher castes, refusing to accept a subordinate position in society. *to improve the welfare, education and employment opportunities for their members in order to further ameliorate the traditional caste differentiations *to engage in politics for the achievement of these aims, which was necessitated because in attempting to promote the circumstances of their own caste they were inevitably setting themselves in competition with members of other castes. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nair Service Society」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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